Requests是用Python语言编写，基于urllib，采用Apache2Licensed开源协议的HTTP库。

它比urllib更加方便，可以节约我们大量的工作，完全满足HTTP测试需求。

一句话--Python实现的简单易用的HTTP库

安装Requests

pip3 isntall requests

request

实例引入

import requestsresponse = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/')print(type(response))print(response.status_code)print(type(response.text))print(response.text)print(response.cookies)

各种请求方式

import requestsrequests.post('http://httpbin.org/post')requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put')requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')

请求

基本GET请求

基本写法

import requestsresponse = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')print(response.text)

带参数GET请求

import requestsresponse = requests.get('http://httpbin.org?name=puqunzhu&age=23')print(response.text)

import requestsdata = {    'name':'puqunzhu',    'age':22}response = requests.get("http://httpbin/get",params=data)print(response.text)

解析json

import requestsresponse = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')print(type(response.text))print(response.json())print(type(response.json()))

获取二进制数据

import requestsresponse = requests.get("https://github.com/favicon.ico")print(type(response.text),type(response.content))print(response.text)print(response.content)

import requestsresponse = requests.get("https://github.com/favicon.ico")with open('favicon.ico','wb')as f:    f.write(response.content)    f.close()

添加headers

import requestsresponse = requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore")print(response.text)

import requestsheaders={    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36'}response = requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore",headers=headers)print(response.text)

基本POST请求

import requestsdata = {'name':'puqunzhu','age':'22'}response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data=data)print(response.text)

import requestsdata = {'name':'puqunzhu','age':22}headers={  'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36'  }response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data=data,headers=headers)print(response.json())

响应

response属性

import requestsresponse = requests.get('http://www.janshu.com')print(type(response.status_code),response.status_code)print(type(response.headers),response.headers)print(type(response.cookies),response.cookies)print(type(response.url),response.url)print(type(response.history),response.history)

状态码判断

import requestsresponse = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com')exit()if not response.status_code == requests.codes.ok else print('Request Successfully')

import requestsresponse = requests.get("http://www.jianshu.com")exit()if not response.status_code == 200 else print('Request Successfully')

文本操作

文件上传

import requestsfiles ={'file':open('favicon.ico','rb')}response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",files=files)print(response.text)

获取cookie

import requestsresponse =requests.get("https://www.baidu.com")print(response.cookies)for key,value in response.cookies.items():    print(key+'='+value)

会话维持

模拟登录

import requestsrequests.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456789")response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies")print(response.text)

import requestss =  requests.Session()s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456789')response = s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')print(response.text)

证书验证

import requestsresponse = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn')print(response.status_code)

import requestsfrom requests.packages import urllib3urllib3.disable_warnings()response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',verify=False)print(response.status_code)

import requestsresponse = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',cert=('/path/server.crt','/path/key'))print(response.status_code)

代理设置

import requestsproxies = {    'http':'http://61.135.217.7:80',    'https':'https://61.150.96.27:46111',}response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com",proxies=proxies)print(response.status_code)

import requestsproxies = {    'http':'http://user:password@61.135.217.7:80/',}response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com",proxies=proxies)print(response.status_code)

pip3 install 'requests{socks}'

import requestsproxies = {    'http':'socks5://61.135.217.7:80',    'https':'socks5://61.150.96.27:46111',}response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com",proxies=proxies)print(response.status_code)

超时设置

import requeststry:    response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get",timeout = 1)    print(response.status_code)except ReadTimeout:    print('Timeout')

认证设置

import requestsfrom requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuthr = requests.get("http://120.27.34.24:9001",auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user','123'))print(r.status_code)

异常处理

import requestsfrom requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout,HTTPError,RequestExceptiontry:    response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get',timeout = 0.01)    print(response.status_code)except ReadTimeout:    print('Timeout')except HTTPError:    print('Http error')except RequestException:    print('Error')